Sex Education Which Is Better Essay - 1718 Words

Elizabeth Sparks Ms. Cantu Composition I 12 November 2016 Abstinence or Comprehensive Sex Education: Which is better? Sex is in the air, everywhere. It is seen when the television is turned on in the morning, it is used to sell hamburgers and cereal, and is the cornerstone by which we gauge our success. Sex is everywhere and the youth of today need to be equipped to handle it safely. There are two primary paths that can be taken when referring to sexual education: Abstinence or a more comprehensive education. Abstinence education is the promotion of deterring not only intercourse but any sexual act with another person. Whereas comprehensive education is an inclusive educational course that is age appropriate and medically and scientifically accurate. It includes information on the development of the human body, various types of relationships, medical problems that could arise when engaging in sexual activity, and the different types of protection that are available to prevent disease and unwanted pregnancies. Each teaching method can be compared by the avenues in which they are taught, the effective ness of each of them, and the self-awareness they promote. While comparing them, it can be determined the more inclusive approach better equips adolescents to make healthy choices regarding their bodies and sexual health. Three of the main places the youth of today are taught about sex are in school, in their various religiousShow MoreRelatedSingle Sex Education Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesIn the1990s, single-sex education gained interest over coeducation, and by the early 2000s, it had gained support from congress and the Bush administration. Since then single-sex education has benefitted many students, teachers, and parents. For all of the 1800s and most of 1900s coeducation had dominated schooling over the single-sex catholic and private schools.   Unfortunately, a Title IX provision was passed prohibiting sex discrimination, so that no person should be denied admission to any schoolRead Moresingle sex schools838 Words   |  4 Pages Single-Sex Schools: More Beneficial than a Parent May Think Single-sex education, also known as single-gender education, is the practice of conducting education where male and females students attend separate classes or in separate buildings or schools. It has been a topic of debate especially for parents who have to think about where to send their children to school. There are many reasons and evidence to suggest that single sex schools are more beneficial. They provide studentsRead MoreEssay about Single-sex education vs. Coeducation962 Words   |  4 Pages Education has been an important factor of all of our lives for an exceptional amount of time, but unfortunately, America has been falling behind from other nations in their education system compared to other nations (Pahlke 444). Almost all of our public schools in our country are coeducational and only handful of them are single-sex educational schools. Single-sex education should be taken into high consideration for most students to attend because of the benefits they might gain from them. ItRead MoreSchooling for All1221 Words   |  5 Pagesin the area of education has been the fight to make more single–sex schools available for students. Co-ed schooling has been the standard for education that many children enjoy being in. Many argue however that changing schools to be single-sex is one of the best solutions to upgrade the education for children. However, a school that provides single-sex education is not automatically a better school than a coeducational one. Thus, when seeing the whole picture, single-sex education is the same, ifRead MoreThe Lack Of Insufficient Sex Education For Teenagers1687 Words   |  7 PagesIn society, the lack of insufficient sex education for teenagers is a major problem. This ongoing issue has led to the development of a bigger problem such as teen pregnancy, sexual transmitted infection, and emotional problems adolescence have to face when engaging in sexual activity at a young age. According to the Understanding Human Sexuality textbook (2010) sexuality education can occur in many settings such as at home or school, and in personal relationships or from information found on theRead MoreDo Same-Sex High Schools Promote Educational Success?1584 Words   |  7 PagesDo Same-Sex High Schools Promote Educational Success? By Kyle Neugebauer 3/11/2012 In this paper I am going to try to persuade you that same-sex high schools promote educational success. Single-sex education is an old approach that has recently gained new momentum. When we think about single-sex education, we tend to think just about private schools; however, there is a new push to create same-sex education in public schools as well. There are several arguments and statistics I will useRead MoreDania Jaser. Educational Psychology 2242. Kristen Kwasny.1734 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology 2242 Kristen Kwasny 3 March 2017 Are Single-sex schools better? Recently single-sex schools have made a comeback, and this has raised the question of whether they are better than coeducational schools. In single-sex educational systems, male and female students are separated and taught in different school buildings or classrooms. In a historical point of view, only boys were given the opportunity to pursue formal education in the United States. Schools for women began to spread inRead MoreThe Disadvantages Of Co Ed Schools1402 Words   |  6 Pagessaying. Unfortunately, children that attend single-sex schools don’t have any of these problems. According to an article called â€Å"The Disadvantages of Co-Ed Schools†the National Education Association (NEA) girls get less attention, boys get less help, girls are less confident and boys are less cooperative in a co-ed classroom (Sanders). Single-sex classrooms make it easier for teachers to make a way to teach the class if it’s just one gender sex instead of coming up with mul tiple ways to teach aRead MoreSex Education Should Be Taught From A Different Approach Than Sex1109 Words   |  5 Pagesgetting a better education on sex during middle school and high school to be better prepared if they decide to engage in sexual activity. Sex should be taught from a different approach than in recent years. Sex education should be incorporated in all schools starting around 6th grade and continually throughout high school because teachers can give a better understanding of sex which will reduce the number of teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections(STI). The early start of sex education wouldRead MoreThe Positives and Negatives Aspects of Single-Sex Schooling and Mixed-Sex Schooling903 Words   |  4 Pagesthe single sex and mixed schools’ issue has been discussed and debated in the UK more than in any country in the world. In the last four decades, in Great Britain, the total number of single-sex schools has reduced steeply. However, demand f or single sex education for some courses is rising recently(Archer,2004,P.50). This essay will investigate whether coeducational schools are better than single sex schools or not. There are a number of advantages to both single-sex and mixed-sex schools but

Organizational Behavior Communication Paper - 1190 Words

Southwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Erica Sepulveda Communications for Accountants/Com 530 January 30, 2012 Southwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Airlines, such as Southwest Airlines, strive to provide the best customer service that they can offer to keep their customers happy. A prospective Southwest passenger may probably make their reservation by calling the customer service number, logging on to the company’s website, or booking at an airport with a Southwest Airlines agent. The employees that assist these prospective and actual passengers are considered the backbone of the company and do their best to represent Southwest in the finest†¦show more content†¦pg 168). Additionally, they mention that what we perceive may not be what the situation actually turns out to be. Reading information or listening to others rant about how wonderful the culture is within a company doesn’t necessarily mean its all good. While employees may be happier than miserable working for Southwest, I highly doubt that there aren’t challenges that are faced at times in their positions. Research has shown that Southwest Airlines espoused values mirrors their enacted values. However, suppose it didn’t. What happens if the perceptions of their culture, communication and work environment is said to be â€Å"peachy†, however it really isn’t? Suppose employees were really unhappy and the mission statement of Southwest really wasn’t followed in the way they operate their organization. This leads to bad perceptions, along with potential employees amp; customers assuming that this organization is voicing something that it’s not. This is an example of how misalignment between espoused values and enacted values would affect perceptions within Southwest Airlines organization. Conflict within Southwest Airlines Conflict is another important topic that should be considered in organizations like Southwest Airlines. â€Å"Conflict results from differences between group members differences in personality, perception, information, culture, and power or influence†Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper979 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper Evelyn Smith COM 530 October 8, 2010 Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper This paper discusses the culture of the American Red Cross, noting whether the organization’s values align with espoused or enacted values. Also covered will be to what extent is communication in the American Red Cross determined by its organizations culture. Communication plays a fundamental role in perception and organizationalRead MoreOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper Communications 530747 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper Nordstrom Inc., started as a small shoe store in Seattle, Washington in 1901. Since that time it has become one of the leading and successful shoe and apparel retailers in operation today. After reviewing different information regarding Nordstrom Inc. espoused values and enacted values, it is apparent that they are in alignment. Espoused values are the core values of the company. The history and organizational beliefs, developed into policy for theRead MoreThe Attributes Of Managing Organizational Behavior1173 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will inform readers about the attributes of managing organizational behavior. This paper articulate an effective leadership approach from a biblical perspective. This paper describe core attributes and their roles for managing behavior. This paper presents linkage and support form scripture in the Bible. I have integrate biblical principles about leaders and leadership behavior. Lastly, this paper presents the distinctions from popular models i n purpose and perceptive. My paper will discussRead MoreWhat Strengths Of Organizational Leadership Presented By Sales And Marketing1635 Words   |  7 Pagesfor sexual harassment; and HR Manager (SS) Sheila Simmons lacks communications skills, and high job stress. Identifying the strengths of organizational leadership presented by Sales and Marketing (PI) Kenneth Bright along with OD consultant can lead and manage the organizational change. The OD consultant plans to introduce and communicate the change initiative to the employees begin with an interview questions by gender, organizational levels and age. Using Lewin’s method (B), functions (f), personality(P)Read MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines organizational behavior. Organizational behavior can help organizations expand, communicate, learn, and develop for better performance in the competitive, vibrant, and ever changing economy we all live in. It is important for organizations to learn the different behaviors, cultures, diversity, communications, effectiveness, and the learning styles that make up the organization and its environment. This paper will define and explain the terminology and concepts of organizati on behavior throughRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Effective Organization857 Words   |  4 Pagesmission and goals, which must all work aligned to accomplish excellence. An effective organization must have balance and strength in different areas. In the following research paper, we will discuss those areas in detail. These areas include the organization structure of an effective organization, the best the communication strategies to send the different messages across the company, the effective process for decision-making and problem-solving. Additionally, we will explore the process for effectiveRead MoreOrganizational Commitment and Communications Paper1151 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Commitment and Communications Paper Jennifer Watson COM/530 Communications for Accountants Allen Sutton July 4, 2011 Organizational Commitment and Communications Paper The selected organization is Walt Disney Company. In this paper the subject to discuss is how different leadership styles affect group communication, analyze different sources of power and the affects on group and organizational communication, identify the motivational theories effective within the culture ofRead MoreIntegrative Paper1526 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior Integrative Paper Abstract This paper is an analysis that gives the concepts presented by John P. Kotter’s, â€Å"The Heat of Change†, book and the concepts presented by Ivancevich, Konopaske, and Matteson’s, Organizational Behavior and Management text book. Kotter wrote and gave comparative situations on dealing with human behavioral and how to better manage them when presented in an organizational situation. He gave real lifeRead MoreOrganizational Trends: Increasing Productivity With Communication1383 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL TRENDS: INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY WITH COMMUNICATION Organizational Trends: Increasing Productivity with Communication Organizational Trends: Increasing Productivity with Communication Organizational studies continues to gain respect and compel attention within many professional communities, include the business community. A trend in organizational behavior that will impact businesses for the next decade is how communication relates to productivity. The 21st century

Coffee and Mission Free Essays

Hello Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Of Nokia Essays and Term Papers Search Results for ‘analysis of mission and vision statement of nokia’ Displaying 1 – 30 of 1,500 * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Toyota Indus Motor Company Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement TOYOTA INDUS MOTOR COMPANY LTD. VISION STATEMENT: To be the most respected and successful enterprise, delighting†¦ * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous society and clean world. ANALYSIS: The vision statement of Toyota Indus Motors Company Ltd is clear and powerfully†¦ * Starbucks Coffee Mission And Vision Statement: concise, and direct for the target audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee and Mission or any similar topic only for you Order Now Starbucks combine Mission and Vision statement can be broken down into six key elements which are the followings: Coffee†¦ * Mission And Vision Statement seems a bit unnecessary. KHULNA SHIPYARD LIMITED (KSY) Mission and vision statement of this organization have been written tactfully and they are praise worthy†¦ Mission And Vision Statement exact, measurable, and time-sensitive goals to guide my development; however, the mission and the vision statement offer a solid foundation for building these goals†¦ * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Of Nokia complex and challenging environment. Nokias mission/vision statement analysis In analysing Nokias mission/vision statement Ill be using the 9 essential * * published this * no reads * no comments * Saved * Mission And Vision Analysis Of Pso And Coca Cola rder to meet the needs and satisfy the customers. Vision Analysis Conclusion: Overall, Coca-Colas mission and vision statement defines its goals, policies†¦ * Analysis Of Mission And Vision Statement Of Nokia B: SAMPLE RESUME PERSONAL DETAILS * * published this * no reads * no comments * Add to your reading list * Tcs Mission And Vision Analysis Leading change, Learning and Sharing etc are getting reflected in its mission and vision statement. The core value excellence is getting clearly reflected in the * * published this no reads * no comments * Add to your reading list * Mission Vision Statements theyve got their mission and vision confused. One is definitely not the other and both are mixed up in this statement. † Today, our mission is to connect people * * published this * no reads * no comments * Add to your reading list * Starbucks Vision And Mission Statement obtain the organizations desired end state. Within the organizations mission and vision statements Starbucks Corporation states that listening to its customer needs How to cite Coffee and Mission, Essay examples

Property Necessity or Luxury Essay Example For Students

Property: Necessity or Luxury Essay Introduction to TheologyNovember 5, 2003I have looked back on my first two years of college and my entire high school career and have found that personal property almost always plays a part in popularity. What teenager doesnt want to be one of the cool kids or at least appear as if they belong with that group of kids? Most of my life I had believed that females were more materialistic than males are. This is true almost all goods except one; cars! There have been many instances when I have witnessed kids, along with myself complain to there parents about this. For arguments sake, rather than discus the moral difference between a Ford Explorer and a Toyota Celica; I will talk about a personal experience of mine, a 2003 Audi and a 1995 Volvo. I vividly remember the argument my best friend (dont worry we have been friends since the second grade so our friendship is not materialistic) and his parents had about what car he would be bought for graduating high school in the top ten percent of our class. I can also recall the way my parents dealt with me. It seems as if both parties; the kids and parents would read and have an understanding the lessons of Centesimus annus and Pope Paul IIs Encyclopedia, they would have found a common ground. And you must remember that this decision isnt one based on sexes; but it is one of moral and religious righteousness. We will write a custom essay on Property: Necessity or Luxury specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even though I never entire sided with my friend, Josh; after read Centesimus annus, I now cannot even stand the thought that he could have been right. It is stated in Centesimus annus how God gave the earth to the whole human race for the substance of all its members, without excluding or favoring others.1 Josh figured because his family possessed their share of wealth, that he was entitled to receive a luxurious carBMW, Audi or Mercedes. I thought to myself, when buy a teenagers first car, you should think about the cost, the safety of that automobile. It was too obvious that Josh was too infatuated with the appearance of a car and how many girls it could get him, how many heads could he turn as he drove and several other immature feelings. While on the other side of town my parents, who also make an above average income were talking to my uncle about selling me his 1995 Volvo. In my opinion, they were morally correct. They were following Pope John Paul and the Centesimus and I really could not argue mostly because that if I did, they may not purchase the car. Personal property is something that both these writings feel are appropriate to a certain degree. Neither Pope John Paul II or the Centesimus writing believe that individuals should own extravagant items if they do not contribute to their community. This country is so materialistic that it seems everyone has lost their sense of God and tries to surpass their limitations of personal property. I feel that is one thing for a snobbish person to own a luxurious car but it is another thing if someone has purchased a good/resource in order to be considered in a higher social class according to others. It simply isnt appropriate for a member of the lower economic class to sport around in a brand new BMW. Furthermore, that in know way makes it morally correct for a 20 year old to possess a brand new 2003 Audi. This is precisely what Dr. Matthews Mcginnis meant when she said there is a problem if all twenty percent of the population possesses eighty percent of the worlds resources. After our creation, God gave us the right for all his creating to uses the worlds materialsThe purchasing of an automobile should be one that should be based on need rather social appearance. Another fact is if an expensive, luxirious car, such as an Audi or and Ford Explorer is bought for someone who hasnt solely earned it, that creates two major issues. First, that person will not have learned what it means to be independent and will therefore always in some way rely

Taboo Of Miscegeny In Othello Essays - Othello,

Taboo Of Miscegeny In Othello Racism in Othello Choose one non-dramatic text offered on the module, (an extract from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Literary Remains,) and show how it might help us understand Othello. The extract presents a sustained attack by Coleridge on Shakespeare for his lack of realism in the 'monstrous' depiction of a marriage between a 'beautiful Venetian girl,' and a 'veritable negro,' in Othello. He sees Shakespeare's transformation of a 'barbarous negro' into a respected soldier and nobleman of stature as 'ignorant', since at the time, 'negroes were not known except as slaves.' (Appendix) The extract seems to raise two questions - how central is the taboo of miscegeny to the play, and to what extent is Othello's reputation able to counter this prejudice? It is certainly not hard to conclude that it is probably Shakespeare's most controversial play. There is a clear theme of racism throughout, one which was firmly embedded in the Venetian society which rejects the marriage of Othello and Desdemona as erring, 'against all rules of nature,' [1.3.102] Nothing separates Othello from, 'the wealthy curled darlings of our nation,' [1.2.68] except skin-colour - he matches or even exceeds them in reputation. At the start of the play, he appears confident that, OTHELLO: My parts, my title, and my perfect soul Shall manifest me rightly. Othello 1.2.31-2 when he is called in front of the court on charges of witchcraft, yet the malevolent Iago is able to call on Othello's deep-rooted insecurities about his race in order to play Othello and Desdemona against one another until their marriage fails. Essentially, Iago is a representative of the white race, a pre-Nazi figure who tries to inform the public of the impurity of Othello and Desdemona's marriage. He demonstrates how this miscegenation is threatening to the existing social order, and ultimately, Othello's lifetime of achievement is not sufficient to pursuade others from prejudice in a moment of crisis (such as Desdemona's elopement,) or sustain his self-esteem in the long-run. Othello is structured so that the main premise of the play, introducing the main themes, appears near the beginning. It is obvious that Iago has an agenda planned of malevolent proportions with Othello at its target. He is the catalyst of all the destructive happenings within the play starting from the very beginning when he and Roderigo approach the residence of Brabantio in 1.1. He uses crude, racist language to appeal to the senator's traditional beliefs, including such phrases as, IAGO: Even now, now, very now, an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe! Othello 1.1.87-88 Iago even goes so far as to propose that Brabantio's grandchildren will be animals because of his daughter's base marriage with an 'other.' IAGO: ...you'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse, you'll have your nephews neigh to you, you'll have coursers for cousins, and jennets for germans. Othello 1.1.109-112 Later we are told that Iago's motive is jealousy and he uses the rhetoric of racism to undermine Othello, playing on Brabantio's prejudices to provoke him, even though, as Othello relates later, 'Her father loved me, oft invited me.' [1.3.129] A shock and a few crude comments from Iago is all it takes to make a respected figure turn against a close friend of equal stature simply because of skin colour. Technically, Brabantio was not legally allowed to nullify his daughter's marriage to the Moor as she was over the age of consent. Culturally, however, he had all the support necessary to challenge the marriage given common racist assumptions of the time, and accuses Othello of sorcery and witchcraft. This means firstly that he is unable to imagine his daughter wilfully deceiving him, an understandable reaction given her past dutiful behaviour, 'so tender, fair and happy' [1.2.66] and the nature of the patriarchal society in which she lived. Secondly, like Coleridge, he cannot believe she would ever 'fall in love with what she feared to look on,' [1.3.99] without the aid of spells, and thirdly, he suggests that Othello's race makes him capable of these powers of 'black' magic - we have to ask ourselves; if Desdemona had eloped with Roderigo, would he be accused of witchcraft? If Brabantio had not reverted to his prejudices and stayed calm, he

Writing a Book Report Easy Recipe to Make a Powerful Report

Writing a Book Report Easy Recipe to Make a Powerful Report Most book reports follow a similar format, but your teacher will probably outline what he or she expects from you. Follow those instructions first.  For additional inspiration and ideas, check out The Lakewood Public Librarys helpful student guide to writing book reports. It covers everything from selecting a book to writing your final draft. Use these top 25 book report ideas to create a real masterpiece. BOOK REPORT IDEAS A Standard Book Report Format 1. The Introduction This paragraph should include the title of the book and name of the author. It will also describe the setting and quickly summarize what the book is about. Dont get too detailed here. Its just the introduction. 2. Body Paragraphs This is where the real content enters the picture. By reading this part of your book report (three to four paragraphs), your teacher will be able to determine whether you read the book and understood the story.  Start by describing the main characters of the story. Then, describe the conflict. Common conflicts include man vs. man, man vs. nature and man vs. himself. Your book may present a different kind of conflict. Describe it in detail.  The remaining body paragraphs should summarize the plot and describe how it relates to the conflict. Begin with the rising action, the part of the story where events build. Then describe the climax, where the story reaches its most dramatic or interesting point. The third paragraph should describe the falling action when the conflict or problem is resolved. 3. The Conclusion This is an appropriate place to state your personal opinion of the book. What did you think of it? Describe its strengths and weaknesses. Would you recommend it to others? Why or why not? Remember, a winning paper will use examples from the book to back up comments. Searching for book report template? Here is a great on below. BOOK REPORT TEMPLATE If you feel like you need additional assistance with crafting your book report, feel free to contact any of our custom essay writing professionals. is available 24/7 to help and guide you through the writing process.

Overuse of antibiotics and the developement of resistant bacterial Research Paper

Overuse of antibiotics and the developement of resistant bacterial strains - Research Paper Example It seems that boundaries and distances have been shattered through these advancements in communications technology. Wars can even be fought in the same way that video games are played with the advent of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology. Likewise, non-invasive and minimal invasive surgeries have also been made available wherein tumors are blasted with lasers or proton beams in order for them to be removed. Aside from doing away with open surgery, it also provides a more accurate targeting of the mass or tumor that needs to be removed (Massachusetts General Hospital 2010). Thus, there is less danger on the patient and recovery is of course faster as there is no major wound that needs to be healed. Patients can do away with stitches and the scars that accompany such a procedure. Indeed, Charles Darwin would have lauded the capability of the human species to survive and adapt. However, it is not only humans that can exhibit supremacy in survival and adaptation. Overuse of Antibio tics and the Development of Bacterial Strains Through these various improvements by the human race which have included leaps and bounds in medicine, it seems like the most minute organisms have been able to stay a step ahead or move clear of possible elimination from the food chain. Beyond the increased medical capabilities and modern healthcare management systems, viral and bacterial infections continue to be among the top downers of the human race. In fact, there has been no cure for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV which eventually morphs into the killer Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS. Despite the technological advances from the last decade, a cure for this dreaded disease that comes from the late century has yet to be found, cultured or developed (Mamo et al 269). AIDS walked out of the closet in the early 80’s and by 1983, it was identified that the cause of the disease was HIV. It did not take long for the killer to become known globally and this has effectively grown into pandemic proportions infecting over 60 million people worldwide. Despite the time and money devoted to researches, a cure for this infection continues to elude medical scientists hence, posing a hanging threat to the populace. Currently though, the possibility of a cure through nanotechnology is being explored though a prospect for an effective cure seem to remain beyond the horizon. Well, for now, that may be too much to ask but the common cold also has no cure. This has been around for very long though, even before these technological advantages have ever been imagined by man. Likewise, bacterial strains have also been busy on the evolution department making many antibiotics obsolete and useless. This poses a serious threat since these microbes multiply swiftly and some have a respectable kill rate. New strains are evolving into super bugs that may eventually render even the most potent antibiotics useless. Taking a big chunk of the attention of medical scie ntists is the Acinetobacter baumannii. This bacterial strain has been found to have been capable of effectively guarding itself against even the most potent antibiotic (Peleg et al 538). This may pose another threat as the bacterial strain seems to fancy weak patients in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit). Thus, medical practitioners are trying to combat these bacteria which caused pneumonia can easily kill the weak ICU patients. A group of pharmacists tried treating

A critical examination of the relationship between entrepreneurial Dissertation

A critical examination of the relationship between entrepreneurial succession and knowledge development in Italian family businesses - Dissertation Example The study aims to ascertain which factors are significantly correlated with succession effectiveness from Italian business owners’ perspective; and to determine which knowledge management factors are significantly correlated with succession effectiveness from Italian business successors’ perspective. Through a convenience sample of 29 family-owned Italian businesses, the study found that all of the subscales in Pyromalis et al’s (2006) framework have been agreed upon by the owners of family-owned Italian businesses. These include their willingness to step aside in favour of their successors; the successors’ perceived willingness to take over; positive family relations and communication have received agreement from the owners; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. The factors which are significantly correlated with the effectiveness of the succession effort from the point of view of owners were ascertained, and these t urned out to be successor’s willingness to take over; positive family relations and communication; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. In addition, all of the subscales of Krueger & Day (2010) were agreed upon by the respondents and these include perception and creativity; intention; key beliefs and attitudes or self-efficacy; deeper beliefs and knowledge structures; entrepreneurial learning; and context matters. Finally, the following facets of knowledge management are significantly and positively correlated with perceived effectiveness of the succession effort:... positive family relations and communication have received agreement from the owners; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. The factors which are significantly correlated with the effectiveness of the succession effort from the point of view of owners were ascertained, and these turned out to be successor’s willingness to take over; positive family relations and communication; succession planning; and successor’s appropriateness and preparation. In addition, all of the subscales of Krueger & Day (2010) were agreed upon by the respondents and these include perception and creativity; intention; key beliefs and attitudes or self-efficacy; deeper beliefs and knowledge structures; entrepreneurial learning; and context matters. Finally, the following facets of knowledge management are significantly and positively correlated with perceived effectiveness of the succession effort: Key beliefs and attitudes or self-efficacy; entrepreneurial l earning; context matters; and deeper beliefs and knowledge structures. Recommendations on further improving the succession efforts at Italian family-owned businesses have been put forth. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background In this chapter, the researcher shall present basic information on the concept of succession (especially in Italian families) and how knowledge is developed within each generation to keep the business afloat through the generations. In Italy, the majority of businesses that keep the country’s economy afloat are small businesses and most of these are â€Å"family-owned.† (ISTAT, 1996). Studies on Italian families have also shown that family members tend to â€Å"diffuse† their time for their family along with other routine activities, such as running a business (Arcidiacono and Pontecorvo,

Describe and compare the economies of the UAE and Australia Essay

Describe and compare the economies of the UAE and Australia - Essay Example During these crises, still there had been economies that featured sustainability and growth. Growth of BRIC countries is no exception. Among the growing economies, Australia also featured sustainability and growth with the support from its rich mineral resource base mainly and sound economic policies while UAE has sustained against the devastating impact of Arab up spring. Based on these facts of sustenance, the purpose of this report is to examine two countries on the economic front exploring similarities and differences in their economic mechanism. Two countries selected for the purpose, includes Australia and UAE as these two countries have made sound efforts in retaining the performance of the economies. INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIES AND CRITICAL BACK GROUND Australia, country comprising entire continent and 48 states, has in the recent past transformed itself as among the internationally competitively advanced market economies. Country is rich with natural resources and hence, attra cts huge foreign investment such as US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project being among the huge investments in the country (CIA, 2012a). As quoted by The Australian Mines and Metals Association projects estimate of $427 billion of resources in pipeline and stated projects include $146 billion project related to liquefied natural gas only (Das, 2012). The country has managed to escape the global financial crises with boomed commodity demand that increased Aussie export by 42% since 2004 only; exports mainly to China (23% of Australian direct export to China) and diversion of investment in commodity due to lost confidence in financial instruments. All these external factors supported by government policies mainly by managing its debt position; reducing annual interest rate from 7.25% to 3.0% managed to minimize the impact of global financial crises. Despite Australian economy has managed to escape the global financial crises; however, the basis that provided country ground to take off flight from financial turmoil are dampening. For increased investment in the commodity by China was resultant of its capacity and need to the balance the risk it (China) had from its investment of US. 3.2 trillion in US dollars, euro- and yen financial securities (Das, 2012). Hence decline in the capacity of China, European banks diverting their investment to domestic market to boost local economy and external funded investment in resource taking sizable portion of the return from to investor leaving less for the country. Moreover, increased debt rollover capacity has also increased the concern for the country and it probability to take off flight, similarly as it did in times global financial crises, are not similarly high. Currently, GDP of the country for the third quarter of 2012 has been 3.10% (as compare to similar period of Y-o-Y basis); overall near to average that country has been maintaining (Trading Economics, 2012a). (International Monetary Fund, 2012) ECONOMIC VARIABLES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) Australia has managed position among the top ranking countries in fetching

Evaluate Our Rukun Negara Essay

Evaluate Our Rukun Negara Essay The principles of the Rukun Negara formulated by National Consultative Council with together headed by our second prime minister, Tun Abdul Razak at 31 August 1970. The purpose of formation of this national principles are to created unity of various race in Malaysia after the riots of different races at May 13th 1969 in Malaysia. That riots happened had proven the Malaysian racial issues and stability had fragile. The formation of Rukun Negara are one of the method to overcome the racial issues between different races in Malaysia after the May 13th incidents has happened which involved hundreds of people are death in that particular incident. It happened when after election at year 1969 where Parti Tindakan Rakyat (DAP) dan Gerakan get a very good respond from the result of the election. Procession was held by them purpose for incident of one youth Chinese was killed in battle with policemen before the election was held. UMNO was felt be challenged of the result of the election although them still win the majority seats in parliament. Datuk Harun Idris led the riots happened. Purpose of this provocative procession happened was to set fire to the spirit of nationalism of every races in Malaysia. This riots happened until the police force was unable to control the situation. Army force had to be called to help police force to control the situations. This incidents has made all the leaders in Malaysia has realized of importance of unity issues of various races in the country. In the official report, there are totals of 493 people was injured and 196 people are reported death of that incidents. Emergency in the country was declared by our Yang Dipertua Agong, with advices from our first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman based on article 150 in constitution of federal Malaysia. The Rukun Negara can be related with several place that we visit in the trips. The first principle can related with Batu Caves and National Palaces. Batu Caves are rich with Hinduism cultural. The cultural still preserved until today that let us to enable to study and get to know the elements and everything cultural about Hinduism. National Palaces are rich with Islam religions and cultural. Inside the palaces, lot of architectures are follow Islam and mixed with Hinduism elements to build with it. Switch of the light and fans are made of gold plated, which represent the wealthy and higher class people in society. National Museum represent the place to let all the people to access the past cultural and present cultural in Malaysia. In museum, we can access different races occupations, cultural, rituals and behavior being practice in past and until current today in Malaysia. It also show us how the life, ritual and cultural of Orang Asli in Malaysia. Examine carefully the importance of Rukun Negara for our country; how it cultivate social structure and social organization in society. We are admitting that Rukun Negara was important to our country in Malaysia. Rukun Negara was created to meet its purpose of unity of various race in Malaysia, and prevent the riots of races happened again within the country. Analysis of each elements of national principles BELIEF IN GOD Nation and the State was created based on a strong belief in God. It would make the sovereign country or nation thru these religions belief. The Federal Constitution declared that Islam is the official religion, but other religion and beliefs can be practiced in freedom and tranquility. Any actions discrimination against any citizen on grounds based on religion are prohibited. Pillars of the drafters of the committee recognize the importance of belief in God and religion in human life. This principle has been selected as the first principle of the Rukun Negara to recognize the importance of community members holding robustness against their teaching of religious LOYALTY TO KING AND COUNTRY Malaysia practices a system of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy with head of state, His Majesty the King. This element means that every citizen should be devoted faithful, honest and sincere to His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. At the state level, the citizens are required to devote loyalty to the king who ruled the land where they reside without reducing allegiance to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. THE SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION This principle pressing need for people to accept, obey and defend the Constitution of the country or glory. Constitution is the highest legal source. Its function is to provide protection to every citizen of this country because of their privileges and rights as citizens in this country. The Malaysian citizens are required to respect, appreciate, and understand the history, contents and definitions of the Constitution. Constitution was drafted based on consensus of all parties and races within the country. Thus the social contract that people cannot be questioned about it and threatened by any individual or any party. Constitution of Malaysia made for determine the pattern of socio-economic and political position of the citizens in this country. THE RULE OF LAW Justice based on the rule of law where all citizens equal before the law in the country legally. State law based on the Constitution. Thus the need to be accepted and defended its sovereignty. Without the law, social and state life is not peaceful and stable. By the laws of the country are guaranteed by an independent judiciary and competent. Every country needs laws to regulate and create peaceful, prosperity and stability in society. The existence of the law will guarantee a life member of the community can move with freedom and orderly, without any disturbance which not threated the safety of other citizens in the country. All citizens has right to practice freely as long as no violation of the law as well as things as guaranteed by the Constitution. The freedoms right declared in the Constitution does not means citizens have the right to overthrow the current government. COURTESY AND MORALITY These five principles to emphasize the development of ones personality and behavior of the people. The aim is to form citizens courtesy and manners in line with the campaign Courtesy and Noble Values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹conducted now. Individual nature of courtesy and manners are the most important and meaningful in the elements of relationships with other various races within the country. Attitude of courtesy and manners should be taught and practiced to develop the individual as well as high discipline and morality that will help create harmonious in the society. Conduct hate and condemn this behavior or act arrogant or offend any person or class. Polite behavior within the person are contains of high degree of morality in his / her life. Importance of Rukun Negara are create unity among the different races, Chinese, Malay and Indians in Malaysia. In the national principles, it has avoid any racial issues happened between among the three main racial in the country. It was law binding for those go against with it will be arrested. National Principles also create function as a guidance in the formation of one nation in the country regardless of religion and race. It has become important guidelines for government in Malaysia ruled the country. (Utusan Online, 2004) National principles also creates the way of democracy life in the Malaysia nation. In the federal constitution, it was stated practice of democracy must in element for governing in nations of Malaysia. The constitution are almost same like United States. National principles also to serve purpose of the wealth in the nation shall be equitably shared among the nation. It also to ensure the liberal approach of diversity and rich of different cultural traditions within Malaysian nations. (Utusan Online, 2004) In first elements of national principles, not one were racial, each citizens of Malaysia was respect each other cultural, traditions and religions been practice by different races. In today, we can see the effects created by the national principle in our country, Malaysia. Every races still manage to get mixed well by each other. (Utusan Online, 2004) Different races mix well together Second element in national principles are made the citizens in Malaysia have love and loyalty to their country and Kings. Not only that, they are expected to be love their leaders as well. In Today, although we can see Sultan are functionless in our country, but Malaysians are not going to oppose the Sultan but to love the Sultan more and respect them as there are one of the leaders in Malaysia. We can saw Malaysia are developing far behind than Singapore. But, we still love our country as we can see the specialty of Malaysia are united three races in one nation one country, which this reasons are attracted the foreign tourists come and visit to Malaysia. (Utusan Online, 2004) Third elements in national principles enable the citizens in Malaysia live in democracy way in their country. There is freedom to practices their own rituals, cultural and also religious for each races. Every citizens have their right and own voice to protest the wrong doing in the society. Very good example are referring to Bersih Campaign. It is one of the democracy way for Malaysian citizens to voice out their dissatisfied with the wrong doing in past elections. (Utusan Online, 2004) Bersih Campaign The Law Binding were cultivate the society become more alert when they commit any illegal activity. One of the example, any drug trafficking was arrested and had been judged by court, it will received penalty as dead sentences in final. The last principle has enabled all the citizens to build up better or superior personality which consist good moral and behavior. The superior of personality are the important elements of the development of the country. It also able to avoid any riots happened within the country among the different race. In opposite, it able to create harmony among the race for helping each other, complement each other which gave a fast lane for a country to become developed country. Crime rate also can be reduced at the same time. Hence, the Ultimate goal of Rukun Negara also can be achieved at the same time. Different races of Bersih Activists help to save out the victim which hit by policemen car in Bersih Campaign. They eventually help policemen get out of the car after they save the victim of accident. In my opinion, national principles have its importance and it have affect the Malaysian society to get united even better compared with time at post- independent. In today, we can see everyone can have different races of friend in their life. The freedom of Malaysian citizen to practice their cultural and rituals without anyone restrictions are amazing, it has attracted the different country tourists just to come and visit the Malaysia for experiencing this multiracial cultural in Malaysia. In today, we able to see even we from different races but they really help each other when we have difficulty in some situations. My personal experience, when there are a accidents occurs, i can see the Malays and Indians come and help out each other. But, we still can see some group of people which have power in political and position which seen Rukun Negara as nothing. Here, i not wish to refer anyone in Malaysia, but we commonly know what is actually happened in our country. Death of Teoh Beng Hock was still became mystery until today, although court had given final judgment as he commit suicide. We still can see many corruptions happened around the country, which the Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission cannot do anything on it because the excessive power involve which can overwrite everything and manage run away from judgments including legislative. In conclusion, Rukun Negara are play very important roles in Malaysia. It gave peace among our country. It also born good personality of the citizens, which love their everything in their home country. Unity among the races are become the specialty of Malaysia toward other countries in all around the world. Others discussion questions Examine Malaysian crime rate and analysis the statistics based on Roberts Merton s Typology of Deviance. In Robert Merton theory of Deviance typology, there are five elements. There are conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. Basically, he explain about deviants behavior becomes crime when the crime too disruptive and uncontrollable through informal sanctions. All forms of deviance are related with crime. (Tepperman Curtis, J., 2006) Conformity are refer to achieved of societal goals by social s means which both of them are accepted by society. Innovation is the attaining goals by using unacceptable way by the society. Innovators always think and take of creative ways to achieve their goals, which the creative ways are not accept by society at most of the times. Meanwhile, Ritualism is the means accepted by society but the loss of the goals. Although they has rejected the goals, but they still continue the means. Retreatism is the rejection of both the goals and means. They often find a way to escape from goals and means. Rebellion are same meaning with retreatism but they are with new goals and new means. Merton defined innovation and ritualism are the pure cases, it is because both cases there is a discontinue to implied and pursue between goals and means. (Tepperman Curtis, J., 2006) Based on Malaysia statistics related with crime and law, there are fourteen type of crimes. In concern of increase number of crimes are violent crimes, property crimes, commercial and serial commercial code crimes. Violent crimes are included case of murder, rape, fire armed gang robbery, gang robbery without firearms. Property crimes covered stealing of truck/van, car, snatch thefts and burglary. Commercial crimes covered those trick in business deal, criminal breach of trust, the fraudulent misuse of property and others related. (Statistical of Goverment Malaysia) Relation between Malaysia crime rate and Robert Merton theory, He try to stated that deviances. There is an adaptation by the people to dominant the culture in the society. As the grows between the means and goals, the people will experienced the most internal conflict. Good example, a poor people desired middle class people goal, such as a new LCD television in the home. They find difficulty of means to achieve their goals, in result they felt stress. He argued that they use illegitimate way to accomplish a legitimate goal. Very good example, stealing are one of related element of crimes rate and Robert theory. Thief choose to use stealing ways to achieve their goal of acquire money to survive in this society. This term called as innovations, and the thief called as innovators. Ritualism has some similarity problems with innovators experience. But, they choose to refuse for attaining the goal, and continue with their means (ways to achieve the goal). Example, some people know the way of they achieve the goal are not going to work, but they still practice the ways. Best way to describe retreatism are referring to drug addicts. They did not choose the way to achieve the goal, they also refuse to achieve to goal. They choose to escape from everything. Rebellion are referring group of people or individual who reject the norms, goals, and values of society, which they choose go for another new norms, goals, and values which do not exist in that particular society. Sometime, it is a society itself led the crime happened. Examples, everyone was addicted with the New IPhone which cost very expensive in price. But, because of the societys demand pressure, everyone essential has one by themselves. Some of them might be not afford, they choose perform deviance ways to achieve the cost which enables they to buy the phone, including steal, rob and involved in prostitutions. Father and mother should play a very important role in teaching their children which are ethical ways to perform a decision. It same go with teachers and lecturers in study institutions. Morality values should focus by the teachers in school for their student. Father and mother should become of role to be teach their children should not fall into the trick of deviance typology. In conclusion, everyone has the responsibility for judge whether the ethical decision has been made for majority benefit and agreement in the society. Evaluate the status of women in terms of career and education in Malaysia compare with United States, Kuwait and Nigeria. Status of women in different country has different answer of it. Example, women in Malaysia are far better than women in Middle East countries, which they are more pity, less educated and only play important role in family for caring the children in the home. There are heavy discrimination of women in Middle East countries. Generally, women in Malaysia are consider lucky. They able to receive education and handle certain higher position in several multi-national company. Although, there are small number of discriminations toward to the women, but the situation still consider small matter if compared with Nigeria and other Middle East countries. Malaysia government gave lot of supports for concert their rights to make decisions and advance, aspect of health, education, women in social welfare, and removal of legal obstacles. Formation of the Womens Affairs Ministry in Malaysia at year 2001 to recognize the contributions and the roles of Malaysian women. Based on data of the world bank at year 2011, 47 % of labor force in Malaysia are women. In any study institutions, we able to see majority of students are consisted of female. (The World Bank Group, 2013) Today, women in Kuwait generally consider most emancipated. They have right to drive, travel, and work without their fathers or husbands consent. They even hold senior positions in government department. They basically can work freely and can achieve positions of power and influence. (Womens Voting Rights in Kuwait, n.d.)They also gain right to vote at last at election at year 2005. (BBC News, 2005) In year 2009, they able to get their own passport without his consent of his husband and father too. The change of the ruler in the country in result of election has change the destiny of women in that particular country. There even has women work in police force, special force and army force. Basically, women in Kuwait get equal opportunity of occupational. But, Women in Kuwait get some social discrimination. In Islamic law, Sunni Islamic women inherit only a portion of property from family. Women in Kuwait are receive enough education compared than women in Nigeria. Women in Nigeria are pitiful. They did not enjoy their equal rights as like women in other country. Because of polygamy practice of male in Nigeria, women cannot expect faithful from their husbands. Women are expected to bear humiliation and suffer in silence. Women taken suffer from any venereal diseases, including HIV/AIDS without any words spoken from their mouth. Nigeria women get lower status in the family even had married with her husband. They often get violence from their husband. The economy pressure (higher poverty) led they work as prostitution in their home country. This also one of the reason they get inflection of STD and HIV virus. Nevertheless, majority of them are less educated. Most of the time, women in Nigeria are spend lot of time in house to do their household stuffs. They never have chance work in outside work as like men in Nigeria. (Women in Nigeria: Religion, Culture, and AIDS, 2003) In today, women in United States are gain most freedom in all around the world. According to OECD report, 71% of men are in paid work, compared with 62% of women. In education aspect, This is truer of women than men, as 88% of men have successfully completed high-school compared with 90% of women. ( OECD, n.d.) Across the economy, women now earn 81 cents for every dollar earned by men. According to Forbes (2013), Women are get best paying of wages in place number four of job of health care sectors. (Forbes, 2013) According to the David Alexander and Phil Stewart (2013), US remove lift ban of women involved in role of front line combat. It has release thousands of job opportunity to women in Unite States. (Alexander Phil Stewart, 2013) Education status of women in unite state are far better than any women in Kuwait, Malaysia and Nigeria. According to the United States Census Bureau, there more women attained bachelor degree than men in education. It has shown women get more freedom and opportunity of education in United States. (United States Census Bureau, 2011) In conclusion, my opinion about women toward career and education term should be equal same as male. Women should have the equal right same like male, because they also same like male. We should exploit and limited them to involve with the things as they like to be.

Love in Othello Essay examples -- Othello essays

Love in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello, love comes in many colors. Consider Othello’s love of Iago; the ancient’s so-called love for Emilia; Desdemona’s spotless love for the general; Bianca’s love for Michael Cassio; Brabantio’s love for his daughter. This essay will explore the various types of love as portrayed in this tragedy.    Initially the play presents a very distorted type of love. Act 1 Scene 1 shows Roderigo, generous in his gifts to the ancient, questioning Iago’s love for the former, whose concern has been the wooing of Desdemona. Roderigo construes Iago’s love for him as based on the ancient’s hatred for the Moor. Thus the wealthy suitor says accusingly, â€Å"Thou told'st me thou didst hold him in thy hate.† And Iago responds, â€Å"Despise me, if I do not.† Partly out of hatred for the general and partly out of proving his faithfulness to Roderigo’s cause, Iago asserts in detail the reasons for his hatred of Othello, who has given the lieutenancy to Michael Cassio, a Florentine. Secondly, Iago suggests that Roderigo and he awake and disturb Brabantio, the father of Desdemona:    Call up her father,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rouse him: make after him, poison his delight,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proclaim him in the streets; incense her kinsmen,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And, though he in a fertile climate dwell,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Plague him with flies: though that his joy be joy,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet throw such changes of vexation on't,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As it may lose some colour. (1.1)    Thus a hue and cry is raised in front of the senator’s residence – partly for the sake of Iago proving his love for Roderigo so that the financial rewards will continue coming to the soldier. Once the senator has been awakened, Iago makes a series of loud... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They do not point on me. (5.2)    The Moor straightway suffocates his innocent wife. Shortly, Emilia comes upon the scene, and Desdemona revives just enough to tell her friend that she dies a guiltless death. Her final words are ones of kindness for Othello, â€Å"Commend me to my kind lord: O, farewell!† Emilia exonerates Desdemona and accuses Iago of causing the murder. She actually gives her life for her lady since Iago stabs her to death for revealing the truth. Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, stabs himself and dies on the bed next to his wife, his sorrow being as deep as his love for Desdemona prior to Iago’s machinations.    WORKS CITED    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Rhetorical Analysis: Too Much of a Good Thing

Rhetorical Analysis: Too Much of a Good Thing â€Å"At least 25% of all Americans under age nineteen are overweight or obese, a figure that has doubled over the last 30 years. † says Greg Crister in his article titled â€Å"Too Much of a Good Thing† which appeared on July 22, 2001 in the Los Angeles Times. In his article, Crister uses three common rhetorical strategies, ethos, pathos, and logos, in an attempt to persuade his audience, anyone raising children or interested in children's health issues, of how prevalent this epidemic has become and provide them with some solutions as to how they can help prevent childhood obesity.Overall, Crister's argument succeeds and his audience walks away convinced that childhood obesity is, in fact, an epidemic that plagues children in their own country and that they must act immediately themselves to help fight the fight and insure that it does not become a problem with their own children. One common rhetorical strategy is ethos, wh ich is the use of credible sources to support a claim.Since Crister is a writer and not an expert on childhood obesity himself, it is important that he uses creditable sources to persuade the audience of the epidemic that childhood obesity is becoming. Crister uses ethos very well in his argument by providing current findings from reliable sources that are relevant to the immediate problem of childhood obesity. At the beginning of his article, Crister says, â€Å"Obesity,' the U. N. roclaim[s], ‘is the dominant unmet global health issue, with Westernized countries topping the list. † It is a common belief that the United Nations predominately only deals with epidemics that plague children in third world countries so by bringing to the audience's attention that the U. N. is now focusing on the United States, Crister encourages them to look closer to home to see what an immediate crisis that childhood obesity has become.By making the audience aware that childhood obesity is being treated as an epidemic by a trustworthy and knowledgeable organization such as the United Nations, Crister succeeds in persuading his audience that this is a serious issue in their own country and they are more likely to want to do whatever they can to prevent childhood obesity since it could affect their own children rather than children on the other side of the world. The rhetorical strategy pathos means to appeal to the audience's emotions when making an argument and one way in which Crister uses pathos effectively is by his word choice.In his article, Crister says, â€Å"Closer to home, at least 25% of all Americans under age nineteen are overweight or obese, a figure that has doubled over the last 30 years and a figure that moved the surgeon general to declare childhood obesity an epidemic. † Knowing that, generally, parents only want the best for their children, Crister use of descriptive words, such as calling childhood obesity an epidemic, invokes a negative reaction in his audience and causes their protective, parental instincts to immediately kick in.Most parents could never fathom their own child might be part of an epidemic of any kind so by referring to the fact that childhood obesity is becoming an epidemic itself, Crister creates a sense of urgency in his audience that in turn makes them want to act on their protective instincts by helping to prevent the spread of this epidemic. In keeping with his strong use of word choice, Crister also uses the word gluttony twice in his article and even elaborates by pointing out that gluttony is â€Å"vilified as one of the seven deadly sins. Again, the use of such strong language causes the audience take notice of the severity of childhood obesity and makes them want to do whatever they can to prevent it so that their own children are not considered gluttons or part of an epidemic. Another rhetorical strategy is logos, which means using logic, common sense, and reason to appeal to an audien ce. In his article, Crister uses logic to provide some solutions to help prevent childhood obesity as well as discredited some long-standing myths on how these solutions might not work.One solution that Crister offers is when he points out the importance of teaching good eating habits early on so that overeating, one of the main causes of obesity, can be avoided. To help persuade the audience that this is an important step to take, Crister discredits the common misconception among parents that children will stop eating once they are full. Crister mentions a study led by Barbara Rolls, a nutritional scholar at Pennsylvania State University, in which she observed the eating habits of two groups of children.Rolls found that the three year old group would stop eating once they were full, regardless of how much food they were given, but the five year old group would continue to eat, long after they were full, until everything on their plate was gone. This study helps persuade the audienc e that what they believed to be true about the eating habits of children might not be true after all and that it is their job to help their children learn how to develop good eating habits at an early age.Crister goes on to point out that parents are led to believe that restricting a child's diet will cause them to, in turn, overeat. In an effort to explain this to his audience Crister says, â€Å"The operative notion is that a child restrained from overeating will either rebel by secretly gorging when away from the table or, worse, will suffer such a loss of self-esteem that a lifetime of disastrous eating behavior will follow. † Another solution that Crister offers is to stigmatize overeating. He says, â€Å"Of course, no one should be stigmatized for being overweight.But stigmatizing the unhealthful behaviors that cause obesity would conform with what we know about effective health messages. † This helps his audience see that stigmatizing overweight people might be detrimental but stigmatizing overeating itself might be one of the most logical solutions in preventing childhood obesity. Crister also notes that in the early 20th century France, when first faced with the excessive weight gain among children, they adopted the belief that meals should always be supervised by adults, food should be served in moderate proportions, and second helpings should be rare.The French are often stereotyped for being some of the most confident people in the world so Crister ends his article with the logical, yet tongue-in-cheek statement that, †[The French] were taught in childhood not to overeat. And it didn't seem to do much harm to their self-esteem. † This quote combined with his use of logos works well for Crister's argument because they make his audience realize that what they have been led to believe in the past about restricting a child's eating habits and how children approach eating in general might not, in fact, be true.By discrediting a ll of these myths, Crister's persuades his audience that they must take responsibility in teaching their children good eating habits early on in their lives and they become more comfortable with the idea that stigmatizing overeating as well as restricting their own child's eating are other ways in which they can do their part in preventing childhood obesity.Overall, Crister's uses of ethos, pathos, and logos succeed in persuading his audience what an epidemic that childhood obesity has become and they walk with a couple of solutions to help them act immediately in helping to prevent this epidemic in their own children or children in this country. Works Cited Crister, Greg. â€Å"Too Much of a Good Thing. † Los Angeles Times 22 July 2001. 16 November 2012 .

Inspiring Birthday Messages and Quotes

Inspiring Birthday Messages and Quotes The birthday messages you write reflect your attitude towards life. Do you like to look at life as a big picture? Or do you enjoy each individual moment? Here are some wonderful birthday messages. Share them with your special friends and loved ones. Touch hearts and help people know you better. Sammy HagarEvery year on your birthday, you get a chance to start new. Steven WrightFor my birthday I got a humidifier and a de-humidifier. I put them in the same room and let them fight it out. George HarrisonAll the world is birthday cake, so take a piece, but not too much. Paris HiltonThe way I see it, you should live everyday like its your birthday. Ralph ParletteReal birthdays are not annual affairs. Real birthdays are the days when we have a new birth. Reverend Larry LorenzoniBirthdays are good for you. Statistics show that the people who have the most live the longest. T S EliotThe years between fifty and seventy are the hardest. You are always being asked to do things, and yet you are not decrepit enough to turn them down. Helen HayesEvery human being on this earth is born with a tragedy, and it isnt original sin. Hes born with the tragedy that he has to grow up. A lot of people dont have the courage to do it. Christine RossettiMy heart is like a singing birdBecause the birt hday of my lifeIs come, my love is come to me. David EverettYoud scarce expect one of my ageTo speak in public on the stage,And if I chance to fall belowDemosthenes or Cicero,Dont view me with a critics eye,But pass my imperfections by.Large streams from little fountains flow,Tall oaks from little acorns grow. Virginia WoolfOne of the signs of passing youth is the birth of a sense of fellowship with other human beings as we take our place among them. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowYouth comes but once in a lifetime. Friedrich Von SchillerKeep true to the dream of thy youth. Albert SchweitezerIt is through the idealism of youth that man catches sight of truth, and in that idealism he possesses a wealth, which he must never exchange for anything else.

Steroids Essays - Exercise Physiology, Doping In Sport, Bodybuilding

Steroids Essays - Exercise Physiology, Doping In Sport, Bodybuilding Steroids Ever since their introduction into sports in the later 1950's the use of anabolic steroids has been a controversial issue. Much debate has arisen dealing with whether steroids should be allowed for performance enhancement. If you're not familiar with them, The 1994 Merrian-Webster Dictionary defines an anabolic steroid as, "any of a group of synthetic hormones sometimes taken by athletes in training to increase temporarily the size of their muscles." However, it's not just the athletes preparing for rigorous competition that have been using these drugs. Business Weekly told of a study performed by the University of Illinois School of Public Health in which the results were shocking. According to Paul Goldstein, the chief investigator, individuals from all walks of life have admitted to the use of steroids. He states,"We're finding firemen, students, lawyers, teachers- people from all economic classesmost of them taking the drugs for cosmetic reasons" (177) All of these individuals had admitted to use because of the positive effects the steroids provide for their appearance. Along with these positive effects also come the negative ones. Symptoms such as acne, psychotic states, paranoia, headaches, high blood pressure, heart failure, strokes, and liver and kidney damage with quite a lengthy list of other harmful side effects related to extensive use. According to Dr. Robert Vow in his book Drugs, Sports, and Poli! tics, along with trying to keep competitions fair and equal for all who entered, these were the main reason that anabolics have been banned from sports since the 1976 Olympic games. Since these early years, not much has been heard about the use of steroids. True, occasional incidents remind us they are still around . For instance, when Ben Johnson was stripped of his gold medial in the 1988 Seoul Olympics and Lyle Alzado's death in 1992. For the most part though things seemed to have quieted down. This is speculated to be from the growing efforts to educate athletes and individuals on the extreme dangers associated with these steroids. Along with this education, one can not escape hearing the horror stories about what these drugs have already done to others and what it will do to them after prolonged use. With such an impressively long list of harmful side effects associated with steroid use, one could be certain that individuals would shy away from them. After all, the original purpose is to enhance their physical stature, not risk damaging it. We'd like to think that due to the strict regulation on today's athletes in competition, it would cause them to think twice before using steroids. Another possible reason for the declining use is that they're nearly impossible to get since they were barred from non-medical distribution back in 1991. These are definitely good points and one could easily be persuaded that such is the case . However, not everyone shares the same point of view. The other school of thought is that steroid use and abuse is just as wide spread today as ever, if not even more rampant. Athletes' feeling are that the gains far outweigh the risks even if they are just temporary enhancements. There are only a dozen or so reported fatalities dealing with steroid use, therefore individuals consider their odds to be pretty good. As far as regulation is concerned, as long as there have been steroids, there have been ways around the detection testing in an athlete's system. Another theory plays on the fact that it's not only the elite athletes using them. Teenagers and kids using them for appearance are becoming an increased percentage of users. This can be traced to images of large Herculean type men portrayed in all forms of media today. Arnold Schwarzenegger is a prime example sine he has admitted to the use of anabolic steroids. Kids are inspired by him and several other athletes and movie stars who they admire and want to emulate. Getting these anabolics may not be hard as one thinks. Just like any illegal substance, there are ways to obtain steroids for private use. Many think that there are enough smuggled into the U.S. from Mexico, Canada, and several eastern European to keep the current black market a thriving business. Are anabolic steroids still prevalent in the world of athletics

Salem Trials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Salem Trials - Essay Example To defend themselves from the punishment and excommunication of their religion, they had to admit that they were unaware of what they have done and that some witch cast a spell upon them and made them do such kind of things. An act that was born out of curiosity and adventure now turned into a general crisis. Upon realizing this story, the authorities took action by demanding that the girls give out names, thus 19 people were accused. Similarly, history seemed to have repeated itself in the guise of cold war when the conflict between USSR and USA erupted. Due to ideological differences, the communistic Russia compounded several reasons to cause apprehension among Americans. Both countries began to question their subject's loyalty and considered everyone a threat to their liberty. In America, a massive hunt for communist began. The HUAC campaign of John McCarthy "expounded fiery anti-Communist diatribes in print and in the new medium of television" (Boyer. 1985). What started as mere rivalry of powers, turned into a dark cloud of suspicion above everyone, and so began the espionage mission to address the impending threat to national security. The arrest, prosecution and execution of the Rosenbergs started the massive hunt for treacherous act which denotes how suspicions play a role in one's decision over the inherent right to be heard and to live freely. The announcement of those who were suspected to have communi stic inclinations working inside the government extended far into the strata of prominent actors, producers, academes, and scientists, where no one was excluded and no amount of heroism and bravery could restrain its deadly repercussions. Likewise in this era, there was also this looming suspicion as to the possession of nuclear weapon, a powerful arm set for massive destruction and even to the demise of mankind. There are several angles whereby the Salem witch trial ran in parallel with, the Cold War and Arms Race, and this is most clear in the area of power, more particularly in the aspect of subordination and the exercise of authority. The central theme of this paper is to point out the aspects in which all three are parallel and why they are considered as such. The Parallels in the aspect of a socialist view The commonalities in Salem trials, the cold war and arms race, lies in the nature where the unfounded skepticisms triggered enormous abuse to mankind, denying the inherent right to live and defend life. The Salem witch trial is congruent to both cold wars and arms race is the sense that each of them demonstrates the manipulation of the subordinates without paying any consideration to the subject's inherent right. All three stories defines the American culture of conformity, whereby one is forced to align his or her ideals according to what the standards say or what is generally accepted to be correct. Conformity, dictates that one is forced to follow if one does not want to be an outcast. In the Salem Witch trial, everyone conformed to the standards of their religion and because the practice of witch craft is deemed heretic by the church, then everyone who violates this standard ought to suffer punishment. Not one of those young children who accused 19 people of heresy took their wor d back for fear. No one dared defended the innocence of the accused for fear of being committing the

Short story analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short story analysis - Essay Example The Black Cat, after its diabolical murder, is resurrected and is hungry for vengeance and destroys the narrator psychologically. Stunning insanity Cat symbolizes misfortune as per Western traditions. Black cat in the story of Edgar Poe is the cause of double misfortune, when it lives and on its death. Cat’s mysterious gaze has the guile and is the pointer to uncertainties and in Celtic lore they are considered evil and sacrificial animals. They have the ability to see at night (darkness) which represents negativities and thus they are part of the underworld. Symbolically the veil of night shifts one’s perception of reality. The story highlights the effect of stunning insanity. The narrator tells how sanity turns to madness, the reason being obsession with the black cat. Evil has seized him; cruelty to animals becomes his way of life and finally drives him to take the life of his wife and the subsequent sin of trying to conceal her death. That he is alcoholic makes the characterization even more diabolic. Pluto, God of the underworld. Symbolically, the Black Cat is Pluto, the Roman God of the underworld. Pluto controls the hell and symbolizes the devil. ... The narrator’s action in gorging out the eye of his pet animal, the black cat, is mind-boggling. It amounts to torture of the ultimate level. To conceal his guilt, the narrator commits another senseless act. He hangs the cat in the backyard but the evil strikes back. The cat resurrects and itches for revenge, the narrator’s house is on fire and burns to the ground and he observes the image of a large black cat originating through the fire on the only wall that was still intact. He can still see the rope tied to its neck. After the fire, the narrator sees a black cat resembling Pluto, in a bar and takes it home. He observes next morning that the second cat is without one eye, which reminds him of his dark deeds. Conclusion The narrator does not lead the readers on a wild goose chase and is sane enough to understand the reactions of the readers for his insane acts. The details given in the story are not by a dreamer, but the one who knows the consequences of his ill-bodin g quests. He does not expect sympathy or rejection by the readers and his intentions about story-telling are deliberate. His psyche drives him to the point of insanity and at that stage he just cannot help acting diabolically. He expects them to think about the unthinkable and believe the unbelievable and respect the

Reflection papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection papers - Essay Example Many local musicians continually win international fame in the music arena owing to their sensational music that hits the global audience. For instance, the up-tempo Arabic tune of Princess Diana remains acclaimed piece of art that has influenced the nature of the Western music especially in San Francisco (Tomasino 2005). Music pervades the limits of the artistes region and receives global attention depending on the ability of the singer to coin the message of the songs in a manner that suits the diverse audience. Recent progress in the music industry however gives the impression that music artistry has become more audience-demand motivated than self-manipulative. Despite the remarkable progress made in the music industry, music piracy remains a public concern for the American music (Tomasino, 2005). Piracy takes the form of sales of illegally recorded music and general illegal acquisition of music segments without the consent of the songwriter. Furthermore, reception of global music threatens to scuttle the dominance of local music in various regions, though music domination has to be responsive to the changing audience base that has the access to a variety of international music. It is undeniable that piracy threatens the progress in the music industry yet its progress is dependent on the rewards that the artistes gain from their music. The music industry is obliged to remain manipulative and more responsive to changes in the global audience expectations in order to retain

Brighton Rock - Sympathy Essay Example for Free

Brighton Rock Sympathy Essay â€Å"Greene does not encourage us to find much sympathy for any of the character† At the beginning of the novel, from the reader’s perspective Spicer gives the impression of being a young boy, in particular with his refusal to eat after they have murdered Hale. â€Å"I’ll be sickif I eat† The Boy then responds with â€Å"Spew then†, this suggests that Spicer has a weakness especially within the group. As well as this it implies that Spicer regrets or feels a large amount of emotion towards the act they have just committed unlike Pinkie who seems totally unfazed. However, as the book continues we learn that Spicer is an older man as we are told of his â€Å"spots† that appear as well as â€Å"upsetbowels†, his â€Å"carroty† hair and his â€Å"scarred† nose. The sympathy the reader felt before then changes to loathing, as these new descriptions create an unattractive image for the reader. As well as this his earlier weakness now comes across as spineless and almost pathetic. We also learn that Spicer used to be a Jew â€Å"but a hairdresser and surgeon had altered that†. This reiterates the point that Spicer is spineless as he can’t even stand by his religion unlike Pinkie who has very strong religious views. Green does not actively encourage us to find sympathy in Pinkie by referring to him as either Pinkie or The Boy neither are his real name which creates a barrier between him and the reader which means that the reader has a lesser connection with him from the beginning compared to characters like Ida. As well as this Pinkie comes across as emotionless and therefore inhuman, for example there is no indication that Pinkie feels any remorse for arranging Hale’s murder. In addition to this Pinkie’s eyes are described as â€Å"slatey† which gives the impression they are cold and emotionless, this makes the reader feel disconnected from Pinkie as he is so disconnected from human beings. Pinkie is also hard to understand as he does not behave as expected, for example he reacts negatively to anything with warmth like romance, sex and even music, this is shown when dancing with Rose at Shelley’s as the music and intimacy conjures violent thoughts as it is said that he â€Å"caresses the bottle of vittorol†. Therefore it is hard for the reader to connect at all with Pinkie let alone with sympathy. Although when Pinkie’s age is mentioned it conjures up some sympathy, as it reminds the reader that Pinkie is only a boy trying to compete in man’s world. This is shown metaphorically when Greene mentions Pinkie’s suit being â€Å"a little too big for him†. As the focus of the characters is male heavy there is little emotion conjured with the two female characters. There is little written solely about Rose but the reader, especially female readers while sympathise with Rose’s side of her relationship with Pinkie as it the typically case of falling in love with the wrong man. Ida on the other hand conjures little sympathy because she is not a weak, dependent character like Rose but is incredibly strong-willed and independent. Overall I agree with the statement as Greene creates little sympathy towards his characters as you therefore feel the correct emotion toward the characters and not fazed by a â€Å"sob story†.

Overview of Bone Marrow Transplantation

Overview of Bone Marrow Transplantation Bone marrow transplants is recognized as a very effective treatment for certain types of cancer or diseases like leukemia, aplastic anemia, immune deficiency disorders, lymphoma multiple myeloma or some solid tumors like breast or ovarian cancer Bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure that transfuses marrow from one person to another or to the same person . Bone Marrow is the sort sponge-like material found inside human and most animal bones. It has many blood vessels and special fibers that hold blood-forming cells and fat together. The main function of bone marrow is to make three blood cells types: red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen to other cells. White blood cells fight infection. Platelets help blood to clot. In people with leukemia, aplastic anemia or some immune deficiency diseases the stem cells in the bone marrow malfunction making an excessive number of defective immature blood cells (leukemia) , low blood cell counts(aplastic anemia) or the malfunction cells will attack the body rather than protecting it (autoimmune diseases). The immature or defective blood cells will interfere with production of normal blood cells and will invade other tissues by going through the bloodstream. Bone marrow transplants are usually used after initial treatment fails or the disease or cancer returns. Patients must receive large doses of chemotherapy and radiation to eliminate abnormal stem cells, also to disable the immune system and destroy the bone marrow. This is called conditioning. A large dose of chemotherapy and radiation will leaves the patients without the ability to form new stem cells and without an immune system making the patents more open to infection but a bone marrow transplant must be performed to replace the damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy ones. Older patients or patients with additional health problems will receive small doses. It is designed to weaken but not destroy bone marrow. The transplant does not provide 100% assurance that the disease or cancer will not come back but the transplant can increase the likelihood of a cure or prolong the period of disease-free survival for many patients. If the patient received high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, engraftment will make the body resume producing of stem and blood cells and immune system will develop again from the transplanted cells, and the patients that receive low doses, engraftment means a new immune system will develop alongside the remaining but weak immune system. Before conditioning a small flexible tube call a catheter or central venous line will be inserted into a large vein in the chest just above the heart. The catheter is there to administer drugs, blood products to the patient painlessly and withdraw many blood samples that are required during the course of the treatment. There are different types of bone marrow transplants. Autologous transplant; transplanted cells came from the body of the patients, allogeneic transplant; transplanted cells that come from a donor who may or may not be related syngeneic transplants; transplanted cells that come from an identical twin sibling (also a type of allogeneic) The type and severity of the disease determine if a patient should have a bone marrow transplant. A patient can be their own bone marrow donor (autologous) only if the disease is in remission or if the condition being treated does not involves the bone marrow like breast or ovarian cancer. The bone marrow will be taking from the patient before the transplant and any lingering abnormal cells will be removed. In an allogeneic transplant the patient doctor will look for a donor that matches the patients HLA tissue (human leukocyte antigen). HLA is a marker that the immune system uses to recognize which cells belongs there and which cells dont. HLA tissues types are inherited so the best chance of finding a match is with a sibling. Before the patient undergoes a bone marrow transplant he or she must be healthy enough to go through with procedure. General physical condition, age, the stage of the disease, and the diagnosis are considered by the doctor when determining whether or not the patient should undergo a transplant. Then there are many more tests that will be taking to ensure that the patient is in physically fit for the transplant. Whether the donor or the patient provides the marrow used in the transplant the procedure used to collect the bone marrow (bone marrow harvest) is the same. Bone marrow harvesting is done in the hospital operating room. It is done under general anesthesia and it involves little risk and little discomfort. When the donor is under anesthesia the bone marrow will be collected from the hip bone. The bone marrow is thick and is a red liquid. This is a one to two hour outpatient surgical procedure. There will be several skin and bone punctures on each hip, this is required to get the right amount of bone marrow. The donors marrow is completely replenished within a few weeks. After the patient bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation treatments the transplant will now take place. Health marrow is infused into the blood stream though the catheter in the same way any blood product is given. It is not a surgical procedure. If the procedure is successful the transplanted cells will grow and develops in the bone marrow cavities. This process is called engraftment. While the patients is waiting for the transplanted bone marrow to migrate to the cavities of the large bones and start making new blood cells the patient is very susceptible to infection and bleeding. This is the most critical time. Blood transfusions and many antibiotics will be given to the patient to help fight and prevent infection.

Alcohol and Drinking - Alcoholism as a Disease Essay -- Exploratory Es

Alcoholism as a Disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. "Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the body's red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called 'sludge,' can be created by the ingestion of alcohol"(Burgess,p.130). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the body's organs, the main one being the brain. "At death, the brain of the dependent drinker or alcoholic invariably will reveal enormous numbers of small areas of atrophy in which brain cells have been destroyed"(Burgess,p.131). The brain begins to shrink when under the influence of alcohol. This means that the space that a brain cell took up is now gone because the cell has been destroyed. "In extreme cases most of what is left [of the brain] may be nothing but connective and structural tissue. The neurons themselves, the cells that do the work of the brain, have been destroyed"(Bur gess,p.132). If drinkers, casual or heavy, knew more about alcohol and the effects this drug has on the brain, the number of drinkers would probably drop to a very low amount of people. Unfortunately, this type of material is not made available to many people unless people got suddenly interested to look up the effects alcohol has on the body. There is another type of disease people do not know about called the D.T.'s. This disease is that of body convulsions. This disease is commonly mistaken as being epilepsy, but it is caused by alcohol. It is caused by people trying to quit drinking. The body is suddenly taken off a sedative and is having withdrawals. The withdrawals are convulsions which also kills brain cells. "Depende... ...t also all of the innocent people that are involved. With so many scary things that can happen to the body, why enhance death when a person ca try to prevent it?    Works Cited: Burgess, Louise Bailey. "Alcohol and your health" 1973. Denzin, Norman K. The Recovering Alcoholic. New York: Sage Publications, 1987.    Works Consutled: Berger, Gilda.   Alcoholism and the family.  Ã‚   New York:   Franking Watts, 1993. Graeber, Laurel.   Are you Dying for a Drink?:   Teenagers and Alcohol Abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚   NewYork: Julian Messner, 1992. Kowalski, Kathiann.   "The Dangers of Alcohol."   Current Health   2 February 1998: 6-7. CD-ROM. Marlatt, Alan G.   "Alcoholism: Disease or Addiction?"   Professional Counselor October 1996: 104. Schulte, Brigid.   "How to Deal with a Family Alcoholic." Knight-Ridder Newspaper 23 December 1997.   CD-ROM.   

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy Environmental Sciences Essay

On December 3, 1984. In the metropolis of Bhopal, a cloud of toxic gases escaped from an American pesticide works, killing and wounding 1000s of people. When the noxious clouds cleared, the worst industrial catastrophe in history had taken topographic point. Now, Dominique Lapierre in her book â€Å" Five Past Midnight † brings the 100s of characters, struggles, and adventures together in an unforgettable narrative of love and hope.IntroductionUnion Carbide Corporation ( UCC ) was asked to construct a works for the industry of Sevin, a pesticide normally used throughout Asia. As portion of the trade, India ‘s authorities insisted that a important per centum of the investing semen from local stockholders. The authorities itself had a 22 % interest in the company ‘s subordinate, Union Carbide India Limited ( UCIL ) . The company built the works in Bhopal because of its cardinal location and entree to transport substructure. The specific site within the metropolis was zoned for light industrial and commercial usage, non for risky industry. The works was ab initio approved merely for preparation of pesticides from constituent chemicals, such as MIC imported from the parent company, in comparatively little measures. However, force per unit area from competition in the chemical industry led UCIL to implement â€Å" backward integrating † – the industry of natural stuffs and intermediate merchandises for preparation of the concluding merchandise within one installation. This was inherently a more sophisticated and risky procedure. In 1984, the works was fabricating Sevin at one one-fourth of its production capacity due to reduced demand for pesticides. Widespread harvest failures and dearth on the subcontinent in the 1980s led to increased liability and reduced capital for husbandmans to put in pesticides. Local directors were directed to shut the works and fix it for sale in July 1984 due to reduced profitableness. When no ready purchaser was found, UCIL made programs to level cardinal production units of the installation for cargo to another developing state. In the interim, the installation continued to run with safety equipment and processs far below the criterions found in its sister works in Institute, West Virginia. The local authorities was cognizant of safety jobs but was reticent to put heavy industrial safety and pollution control burdens on the fighting industry because it feared the economic effects of the loss of such a big employer. At 11.00 PM on December 2 1984, while most of the one million occupants of Bhopal slept, an operator at the works noticed a little leak of methyl isocyanate ( MIC ) gas and increasing force per unit area inside a storage armored combat vehicle. The vent-gas scrubber, a safety device interior decorator to neutralize toxic discharge from the MIC system, had been turned off three hebdomads prior. Apparently a faulty valve had allowed one ton of H2O for cleaning internal pipes to blend with 40 dozenss of MIC. A 30 ton infrigidation unit that usually served as a safety constituent to chill the MIC storage armored combat vehicle had been drained of its coolant for usage in another portion of the works. Pressure and heat from the vigorous exothermal reaction in the armored combat vehicle continued to construct. The gas flair safety system was out of action and had been for three months. At around 1.00 AM, December 3, loud rumble reverberated around the works as a safety valve gave manner di recting a plume of MIC gas into the early forenoon air. Within hours, the streets of Bhopal were littered with human cadavers and the carcases of American bisons, cattles, Canis familiariss and birds. An estimated 3,800 people died instantly, largely in the hapless slum settlement adjacent to the UCC works. Local infirmaries were shortly overwhelmed with the injured, a crisis farther compounded by a deficiency of cognition of precisely what gas was involved and what its effects were. It became one of the worst chemical catastrophes in history and the name Bhopal became synonymous with industrial calamity. Estimates of the figure of people killed in the first few yearss by the plume from the UCC works tally every bit high as 10,000, with 15,000 to 20,000 premature deceases reportedly happening in the subsequent two decennaries. The Indian authorities reported that more than half a million people were exposed to the gas. Several epidemiological surveies conducted shortly after the accident showed important morbidity and increased mortality in the open population. These informations are likely to under-represent the true extent of inauspicious wellness effects because many open persons left Bhopal instantly following the catastrophe ne'er to return and were hence lost to followup.AftermathImmediately after the catastrophe, UCC began efforts to disassociate itself from duty for the gas leak. Its chief maneuver was to switch blameworthiness to UCIL, saying the works was entirely built and operated by the Indian subordinate. It besides fabricated scenarios affecting sabotage by antecedently unknown Sikh extremist groups and dissatisfied employees but this theory was impugned by legion independent beginnings. The toxic plume had hardly cleared when, on December 7, the first multi-billion dollar case was filed by an American lawyer in a U.S. tribunal. This was the beginning of old ages of legal intrigues in which the ethical deductions of the calamity and its affect on Bhopal ‘s people were mostly ignored. In March 1985, the Indian authorities enacted the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act as a manner of guaranting that claims originating from the accident would be dealt with quickly and equitably. The Act made the authorities the exclusive representative of the victims in legal proceedings both within and outside India. Finally all instances were taken out of the U.S. legal system under the opinion of the presiding American justice and placed wholly under Indian legal power much to the hurt of the injured parties. In a colony mediated by the Indian Supreme Court, UCC accepted moral duty and agreed to pay $ 470 million to the Indian authorities to be distributed to claimants as a full and concluding colony. The figure was partially based on the disputed claim that merely 3000 people died and 102,000 suffered lasting disablements. Upon denoting this colony, portions of UCC rose $ 2 per portion or 7 % in value. Had compensation in Bhopal been paid at the same rate that asbestosis victims where being awarded in US tribunals by defendant including UCC – which mined asbestos from 1963 to 1985 – the liability would hold been greater than the $ 10 billion the company was deserving and insured for in 1984. By the terminal of October 2003, harmonizing to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy Relief and Rehabilitation Department, compensation had been awarded to 554,895 people for hurts received and 15,310 subsisters of those killed. The mean sum to households of the dead was $ 2,200. At every bend, UCC has attempted to pull strings, obfuscate and withhold scientific information to the hurt of victims. Even to this day of the month, the company has non stated precisely what was in the toxic cloud that enveloped the metropolis on that December dark. When MIC is exposed to 200A ° heat, it forms debauched MIC that contains the more deathly H nitrile ( HCN ) . There was clear grounds that the storage armored combat vehicle temperature did make this degree in the catastrophe. The reddish colour of blood and entrails of some victims were characteristic of acute nitrile toxic condition. Furthermore, many responded good to disposal of Na thiosulfate, an effectual therapy for nitrile toxic condition but non MIC exposure. UCC ab initio recommended usage of Na thiosulfate but withdrew the statement subsequently motivating suggestions that it attempted to cover up grounds of HCN in the gas leak. The presence of HCN was smartly denied by UCC and was a point of speculation am ong research workers. As farther abuse, UCC discontinued operation at its Bhopal works following the catastrophe but failed to clean up the industrial site wholly. The works continues to leak several toxic chemicals and heavy metals that have found their manner into local aquifers. Perilously contaminated H2O has now been added to the bequest left by the company for the people of BhopalLESSONS LEARNEDThe events in Bhopal revealed that spread outing industrialisation in developing states without coincident development in safety ordinances could hold ruinous effects. The catastrophe demonstrated that apparently local jobs of industrial jeopardies and toxic taint are frequently tied to planetary market kineticss. UCC ‘s Sevin production works was built in Madhya Pradesh non to avoid environmental ordinances in the U.S. but to work the big and turning Indian pesticide market. However the mode in which the undertaking was executed suggests the being of a dual criterion for transnational corporations runi ng in developing states. Enforceable unvarying international operating ordinances for risky industries would hold provided a mechanism for significantly improved in safety in Bhopal. Even without enforcement, international criterions could supply norms for mensurating public presentation of single companies engaged in risky activities such as the industry of pesticides and other toxic chemicals in India. National authoritiess and international bureaus should concentrate on widely applicable techniques for corporate duty and accident bar as much in the underdeveloped universe context as in advanced industrial states. Specifically, bar should include hazard decrease in works location and design and safety statute law. Local authoritiess clearly can non let industrial installations to be situated within urban countries, irrespective of the development of land usage over clip. Industry and authorities need to convey proper fiscal support to local communities so they can supply medical and other necessary services to cut down morbidity, mortality and material loss in the instance of industrial accidents. Public wellness substructure was really weak in Bhopal in 1984. Tap H2O was available for merely a few hours a twenty-four hours and was of really hapless quality. With no working sewerage system, untreated human waste was dumped into two nearby lakes, one a beginning of imbibing H2O. The metropolis had four major infirmaries but there was a deficit of doctors and infirmary beds. There was besides no mass casualty exigency response system in topographic point in the metropolis. Existing public wellness substructure needs to be taken into history when risky industries choose sites for fabrication workss. Future direction of industrial development requires that appropriate resources be devoted to progress planning before any catastrophe occurs. Communities that do non possess substructure and proficient expertness to react adequately to such industrial accidents should non be chosen as sites for risky industry. Since 1984 Following the events of December 3 1984 environmental consciousness and activism in India increased significantly. The Environment Protection Act was passed in 1986, making the Ministry of Environment and Forests ( MoEF ) and beef uping India ‘s committedness to the environment. Under the new act, the MoEF was given overall duty for administrating and implementing environmental Torahs and policies. It established the importance of incorporating environmental schemes into all industrial development programs for the state. However, despite greater authorities committedness to protect public wellness, woods, and wildlife, policies geared to developing the state ‘s economic system have taken precedency in the last 20 old ages. India has undergone enormous economic growing in the two decennaries since the Bhopal catastrophe. Gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) per capita has increased from $ 1,000 in 1984 to $ 2,900 in 2004 and it continues to turn at a rate of over 8 % per twelvemonth. Rapid industrial development has contributed greatly to economic growing but there has been important cost in environmental debasement and increased public wellness hazards. Since suspension attempts consume a big part of India ‘s GDP, MoEF faces an acclivitous conflict as it tries to carry through its authorization of cut downing industrial pollution. Heavy trust on coal-burning power workss and hapless enforcement of vehicle emanation Torahs have result from economic concerns taking precedency over environmental protection. With the industrial growing since 1984, there has been an addition in little graduated table industries ( SSIs ) that are clustered about major urban countries in India. There are by and large less rigorous regulations for the intervention of waste produced by SSIs due to less waste coevals within each single industry. This has allowed SSIs to dispose of untreated effluent into drainage systems that flow straight into rivers. New Delhi ‘s Yamuna River is exemplifying. Perilously high degrees of heavy metals such as lead, Co, Cd, chrome, Ni and Zn have been detected in this river which is a major supply of drinkable H2O to India ‘s capital therefore presenting a possible wellness hazard to the people populating at that place and countries downstream. Land pollution due to uncontrolled disposal of industrial solid and risky waste is besides a job throughout India. With rapid industrialisation, the coevals of industrial solid and risky waste has increased appreciably and the environmental impact is important. India relaxed its controls on foreign investing in order to submit to WTO regulations and thereby attract an increasing flow of capital. In the procedure, a figure of environmental ordinances are being rolled back as turning foreign investings continue to turn over in. The Indian experience is comparable to that of a figure of developing states that are sing the environmental impacts of structural accommodation. Exploitation and export of natural resources has accelerated on the subcontinent. Prohibitions against turn uping industrial installations in ecologically sensitive zones have been eliminated while preservation zones are being stripped of their position so that pesticide, cement and bauxite mines can be built. Heavy trust on coal-burning power workss and hapless enforcement of vehicle emanation Torahs are other effects of economic concerns taking precedency over environmental protection. In March 2001, occupants of Kodaikanal in southern India caught the Anglo-Dutch company, Unilever, red-handed when they discovered a garbage dump with toxic quicksilver laced waste from a thermometer mill run by the company ‘s Indian subordinate, Hindustan Lever. The 7.4 ton reserve of mercury-laden glass was found in lacerate tonss sloping onto the land in a bit metal pace located near a school. In the autumn of 2001, steel from the ruins of the World Trade Center was exported to India seemingly without first being tested for taint from asbestos and heavy metals present in the twin tower dust. Other illustrations of hapless environmental stewardship and economic considerations taking precedency over public wellness concerns abound. The Bhopal catastrophe could hold changed the nature of the chemical industry and caused a redirect examination of the necessity to bring forth such potentially harmful merchandises in the first topographic point. However the lessons of ague and chronic effects of exposure to pesticides and their precursors in Bhopal has non changed agricultural pattern forms. An estimated 3 million people per twelvemonth suffer the effects of pesticide poisoning with most exposure happening in the agricultural development universe. It is reported to be the cause of at least 22,000 deceases in India each twelvemonth. In the province of Kerala, important mortality and morbidity have been reported undermentioned exposure to Endosulfan, a toxic pesticide whose usage continued for 15 old ages after the events of Bhopal. Aggressive selling of asbestos continues in developing states as a consequence of limitations being placed on its usage in developed states due to the well-established nexus between asbestos merchandises and respiratory diseases. India has become a major consumer, utilizing around 100,000 dozenss of asbestos per twelvemonth, 80 % of which is imported with Canada being the largest overseas provider. Mining, production and usage of asbestos in India is really slackly regulated despite the wellness jeopardies. Reports have shown morbidity and mortality from asbestos related disease will go on in India without enforcement of a prohibition or significantly tighter controls. UCC has shrunk to one sixth of its size since the Bhopal catastrophe in an attempt to reconstitute and deprive itself. By making so, the company avoided a hostile coup d'etat, placed a important part of UCC ‘s assets out of legal range of the victims and gave its stockholder and top executives big net incomes. The company still operates under the ownership of Dow Chemicals and still provinces on its web site that the Bhopal catastrophe was â€Å" cause by calculated sabotage † . Some positive alterations were seen following the Bhopal catastrophe. The British chemical company, ICI, whose Indian subordinate manufactured pesticides, increased attending to wellness, safety and environmental issues following the events of December 1984. The subordinate now spends 30-40 % of their capital outgos on environmental-related undertakings. However, they still do non adhere to criterions every bit rigorous as their parent company in the UK. The US chemical giant DuPont learned its lesson of Bhopal in a different manner. The company attempted for a decennary to export a nylon works from Richmond, VA to Goa, India. In its early dialogues with the Indian authorities, DuPont had sought and won a singular clause in its investing understanding that absolved it from all liabilities in instance of an accident. But the people of Goa were non willing to assent while an of import ecological site was cleared for a heavy polluting industry. After about a decennary of protesting by Goa ‘s occupants, DuPont was forced to scurry programs at that place. Chennai was the following proposed site for the plastics works. The province authorities at that place made significantly greater demand on DuPont for grants on public wellness and environmental protection. Finally, these programs were besides aborted due to what the company called â€Å" fiscal concerns † . QUESTIONAIRE Name: Alkesh R Takpere Age: 43 Company Name: RCF Appellation: Chief Manager ( Technical services ) Which merchandises do you cover in? Fertilizers and other chemicals 1 ) Fertilizer Urea 2 ) Complex fertilisers ( NPK ) 3 ) Methanol 4 ) Sodium Nitrate 5 ) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate 6 ) Methylamines 7 ) Dimethyl Form amide 8 ) Dimethylacetamide Which is the most risky chemical and what is the injury caused due to it? Methanol is a risky chemical. It has severed effects on the organic structure such as terrible abdominal, leg, and back hurting. Sums of methyl alcohol can besides do Loss of vision and even sightlessness. Have your company faced any calamity with respects to gas escape? No, RCF has ne'er faced any gas escape jobs. During the start up and the shut down all the gases are arrested utilizing flairs. If yes, how did you cover with the state of affairs? We have upgraded ourselves with all the latest engineering. There are 22 workss in all and they are installed with DCS systems in all the workss. Bing established in 1968 we bit by bit modernized all the systems. We have computerized control systems which help us track all the activities around the fabricating units. The temperature degree of all the vass can be moderated via computing machine. Internalized LAN system connexions with the ammonium hydroxide workss help in maintaining a cheque on operation of the works, temperature and chemical degrees, MCS 1010 grade Celsius. Workplace proctors help us to take disciplinary actions via â€Å" Alarms † and â€Å" CCTV ‘s † which command the operators and the analysts. What are the ideal norms to be followed in a chemical fabrication company? There are two types of Norms followed by the RCF: Safety norms and environment norms. Safety norms: Training to all contract employees Time to clip wellness look into up Separate preparation given to the applied scientists Fire contending preparation Baseball gloves, goggles and places to cover with risky chemicals Welding shield for welding occupations Environment norms: Norms related to Sox, Nox, Ammonia, â€Å" PM2.5 † , CO etc Other stipulated norms given by CPCB ( Central Pollution Control Board ) and MPCB ( Maharashtra Pollution Control Board ) and RCF works manner below these norms. What safeguards are taken as a step of safety? Surveies done by allocated organic structures ISO 14000, ISO 9000 & A ; OSAS -18000 ( Certified ) Proper medical assistance handiness at the clip of accidents Due attention for worker life by availing the insurance Health look into up from clip to clip Workers with Phobia ‘s detected by the physician are non permitted to work Fire Fighting Training is given to the workers in the welding section Mock bore on Levels 1,2, & A ; 3 is conducted one time in a one-fourth for supervising safety Flat 1: Deals with gaseous emanations Flat 2: Deals with Fire Department Flat 3: Common group treatments are done in instance of major issues. Level 3 Mock drill is performed one time in a twelvemonth. BPCL & A ; HPCL are members with RCF who are taken into consideration at degree 3 Example: Heavy escape Did the company undergo any alterations after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy? RCF has set up the environment cell in 1978. 500 chromium. was spent for environment protection while puting up the cell. 4 ambient air quality monitoring subdivisions are set up around each works of RCF to supervise the gas emanations from the works. They function 24Ãâ€"7 ; to convey and capture informations every 15 proceedingss. Meteorological Department is set up in one of the workss to command the air pollution around RCF. Are all the employees in your company insured? There is a group insurance policy The contract workers are insured under ESI What is the function of the company in societal duty? Autonomic nervous system: The following enterprises have been taken by the company: aˆ? Farmer Education on farm inputs aˆ? Soil Testing of major and micro foods aˆ? Water/Irrigation direction aˆ? Plant Protection Measures aˆ? Training on station crop engineering & A ; selling aˆ? Field and Crop Demonstrations are other effectual agencies of leaving cognition to husbandmans. aˆ? Tie-up with M/s ITC e-choupal aˆ? The Company has 6 inactive and 4 nomadic soil-testing new waves. More than 60,000 dirt samples are tested every twelvemonth and recommendations on efficient usage of fertilisers are given through ‘Soil Health Cards ‘ . aˆ? 600 Krishi-melas conducted functioning about 3,00,000 husbandmans per twelvemonth aˆ? RCF has launched a dedicated web site for husbandmans â€Å" www.rcfkrushisamridhi.com † What are the assorted monitoring & A ; surveillance system adopted by the company for security intents? Autonomic nervous system: For security purposes the company follows assorted policies like: The ‘Fraud Prevention Policy of RCF-2010 ‘ has been framed to supply a system for sensing and bar of fraud, coverage of any fraud that is detected or suspected and just dealing of affairs refering to fraud. The policy will guarantee and supply for the followers: – 1. To guarantee that direction is cognizant of its duties for sensing and bar of fraud and for set uping processs for forestalling fraud and/or observing fraud when it occurs. 2. To supply a clear counsel to employees and others covering with RCF, prohibiting them from engagement in any deceitful activity and the action to be taken by them where they suspect any deceitful activity. 3. To carry on probes into deceitful activities. 4. To supply confidences that any and all suspected deceitful activity will be to the full investigated. This policy applies to any fraud, or suspected fraud, affecting employees of RCF ( all full clip, portion clip or employees appointed on adhoc / impermanent / contract footing, student nurses and trainees ) every bit good as representatives of sellers, providers, contractors, advisers, service suppliers or any outside bureau making any type of concern with RCF. The company besides employs 12 to 15 security guards in & A ; around the office premises. What is the back-up program of the company in instance of indecent accident or any exigency? Autonomic nervous system: There is handiness of ambulance at mill site Safety dismaies are available as a warning signal to move rapidly in instance of exigency Workers are provided with proper and maintained machineries What function does moralss play at RCF? We make certain that air pollution Act, H2O pollution act and noise pollution act are followed purely. In MOU with authorities of India we guarantee that are 2 adult male yearss per employee for preparation. What step has RCF taken apart from the authorities norms? Alternatively of N2O, RCF uses DN2O acid accelerator which has the potency of consuming pollution by 300 times. We besides use selective catalytic reactor to breathe colourless exhausts alternatively of brown exhausts as earlier. Interpretation & A ; Analysis of the Interview RCF produces fertilisers and other risky chemicals of the classs:15-15-15 & A ; 20-20-0 RCF being one of the largest chemical fertilizing workss takes extreme safeguards and applies rigorous pattern of safety steps. They are really peculiar about the safety and take heavy steps for the same. They give equal preparation to all the workers every bit good as the contract employees. They are one measure in front in using the safety norms. There have no incident taken topographic point in RCF with regard to gas escape or other such catastrophe. They are really advanced and have modernized all the workss since 1968.They usage computerised monitoring system to look into the operation of every works which is reviewed in every 15 minutes.There are 22 workss and a works is shut down one time a twelvemonth for one-year care either in May or October for a maximal period of 20 yearss one works at a time.They have spent around 500 crores for developing the environment cell therefore lending to the protection of environment. They are besides really peculiar about the wellness of every worker. Besides after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, the authorities norms have become really stringent.Thus, the whole interview gave us a thought that RCF believes in â€Å" Better Safe than Sorry † Q. Describe the systematic mistakes that led to the catastrophe in December 1984? These were the above factors that contributes to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984. A Production: The usage of risky chemicals like ( MIC ) alternatively of less unsafe onesA.Care: Storing these chemicals in big armored combat vehicles alternatively of over 200 steel drums.A Possible eating stuff in pipelinesA A Poor care after the works ceased production in the early 1980sA SECURITY & A ; SAFETY: Failure of several safety systems ( due to hapless care and ordinances ) .A Safety systems being switched off to salvage money-including the MIC armored combat vehicle infrigidation system which entirely would hold prevented the catastrophe. Government: The job was made worse by the works ‘s location near a dumbly populated country, non-existent calamity programs and defects in wellness attention and socio-economic rehabilitation. Analysis shows that the parties responsible for the magnitude of the catastrophe are the two proprietors, Union Carbide Corporation and the Government of India, and to some extent, the Government of Madhya Pradesh. Finance: Supplying less rewards & A ; no publicities to extremely skilled workers which made them to exchange the administration. Training: Coercing the workers to utilize English manuals even after cognizing they are non familiar with the linguistic communication. Q. Find out trigger points that a uninterrupted procedure fabrication works covering with risky stuffs need to watch out for? A uninterrupted procedure fabrication works have to watch out on following points: Chemical degrees of: Night Sox Ammonia $ other risky Chemicals Temperature degrees of the Vessels After Bhopal Gas Tragedy, all the chemical fabrication companies have started holding hart proctors in every subdivision as a safeguard step. Wherever these risky chemicals are produced, stored, used or handled, a proper and effectual wellness direction programme should be implemented so as to protect the involvement and safeguard the safety and wellness of people who are exposed to such stuffs. Policies and scheme – the duty of the direction sing the safety of employees and the usage of the chemicals should be stated in the policy statement. To give consequence to the policy, the direction must border a broad scheme on pull offing the risky chemicals. Register of chemicals – these should incorporate the information sing the location and the stock list of the chemicals. Besides it should advert the figure of people exposed to those risky chemicals. Risk appraisal and command – 1 ) designation of the safety and the wellness risky events, 2 ) Frequency of the exposure to the chemicals and likeliness of happening of the events and its development excessively. If the determination shows that the hazard is excessively high and non acceptable than preventative steps should be taken every bit shortly as possible. Safety work processs – at any point where and when this chemicals are used in managing there should be a written process for the start up, everyday operation, shut down and care work. It besides include the usage of personal protective equipments when necessary and besides other safeguards to be taken. Storage of chemicals – a storage system is established based on the nature of the chemical, mutual exclusiveness, measure and environmental conditions. So the layout of the storage design should take into the consideration like the statutory demand, material safety informations and besides other national and international criterions to be followed. Personal protection equipment include inhalators, safety spectacless, field shields overall, aprons and baseball mitts. Workplace supervising – it reveals which workers, country of the workplace and nearby locality of the works will be most affected if degree of the airborne taint additions. A regular medical examination by a competent individual should be carried out and besides consequence of the monitoring should be right evaluated and decently recorded. Emergency planning responses and first assistance procedures – its needed to get by up with chemical acciidents such as fires, detonations, spills, or leaks of risky stuffs. Emergency processs should be established so that the beginning of release should be decently rectified and the country of taint could be decently contained. The first assistance programme will guarantee that commissariats for exigency intervention of victims of chemical toxic condition or inordinate exposure to toxic chemicals are met. Information and preparation – employees who handle chemicals or may be affected by them should be informed of the hazard potency of these chemicals and the processs for safe handling, minimisation of exposure. A preparation programme should be instituted to guarantee that the safe handling process are both known and understood by all concerned. Information on risky chemicals and safe handling processs should be disseminated on a regular basis to employees involved via group and single preparation, informations sheets and other AIDSs. Programme reappraisal and audit – the direction should carry on an one-year reappraisal of its risky stuff, direction programmed to guarantee that it is relevant and up-to-date. The programme should be subjected to regular audits to guarantee that it has been implemented efficaciously. The direction should implement the recommendations of the reappraisal and the audit to better and heighten the programme.Acts and regulations sing the chemical industriesEnvironment direction The air bar and control of pollution act, 1981amended 1987 The H2O bar and control of pollution act, 1974 amended 1988 The environment protection act 1986 amended 1991 Hazardeous wastes ( direction and handling regulation ) , 1986 amended 2004 Ozone depleting substances ( ordinance and control ) regulations, 2000 Batteries ( direction and managing ) regulations 2001 Chemical safety and exigency direction Industry storage and import of hazardeous chemical regulations 1989 amended 2000 Chemical accidents ( exigency planning and response ) regulation, 1996 Public lialibity insurance act, 1991 amended 1998 Specific chemical category/container The chemical carbide rules,1987 The explosives act, 1988 The gas cylinders regulations 2004 The insect powders act,1988 The fertilizer control order act, 1985 The crude oil act, 1934 Other relevant to chemical direction Factories act, 1948 The moter vehicals act, 1988 The mines act 1952 The national catastrophe direction act, 2005 Chemical Rules in India: BackgroundPrime DriversAâ„ ¢ Bhopal Gas Disaster, 1984 Aâ„ ¢ Environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986 Aâ„ ¢ Multilateral Environmental Agreements ( MEAs ) Aâ„ ¢ Responsible Care ; OSHAS 18001Aims– Prevention of major accidents – Restricting the effects on adult male & A ; environment – Safety, control steps and coordination amongst bureaus. Chemical Rules in India Background: Industrial Activities Covered in the ordinances: Production, storages, usage and import of the specified risky chemicals. Chemical and petrochemical substances holding risky ( i.e. flammable, explosive, caustic, toxic ) belongingss. Storages of risky chemicals non associated with procedures. Industry, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules: Requirements in instance of Low Level Chemicals Identify jeopardies associated with industrial activity and take equal stairss for bar and control Provide relevant information to individuals apt to be affected by a major accident Develop information in the signifier of a safety informations sheets Industry, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules: Requirements in instance of the Medium & A ; High degree chemicals & A ; Storages off from Plant. Aâ„ ¢Submit written study sing â€Å" Notification of site † at least three months before and get downing any activity utilizing risky stuffs Aâ„ ¢Submit â€Å" Safety Report † at least 3 months before get downing activity Industry, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules: Requirements in instance of the Medium & A ; High degree chemicals & A ; Storages off from Plant ( Contd.. ) : Aâ„ ¢ Submit an up-to-date safety study at least 90 yearss before doing any alteration Aâ„ ¢ New and bing industrial activities to transport out safety auditand submit study within 30 yearss Aâ„ ¢ Submit a safety audit update study once a twelvemonth and send oning a transcript within 30 yearss Aâ„ ¢ Prepare up-to-date on site exigency program before get downing a new industrial activity affecting specified chemicals. Industry, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules: Requirements in instance of the Medium & A ; High degree chemicals & A ; Storages off from Plant ( Contd.. ) : Aâ„ ¢Conduct a mock drill of exigency program every six months and subject a study Aâ„ ¢Maintain records of imports of risky chemicals and to supply information to the concerned Authority Ensure the transit of risky chemicals as per the proviso of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. Chemical Accidents ( Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response ) Rules:Aâ„ ¢ Central Crisis Group– Vertex organic structure to cover with major chemical accidents and to supply adept counsel for managing major chemical accidents – Continuously monitor the station accident state of affairs from major accidents, suggest steps for barAâ„ ¢ State Crisis Group– Vertex organic structure in the province to cover with major chemical accidents and supply adept counsel – Reappraisal all territory off-site exigency programs in the province and study to cardinal Crisis Group Loopholes in Indian ordinances Buffer stock jobs To put up universe category capacity works. Government should in audience with industry should develop a policy for allotment of buffer stock to outdo suitable merchandises. Government should setup support financess and supply inducements. Chemical bunchs: There is a demand to organize bunchs with proviso of common substructure installations to turn to the restraints of common wastewater intervention, conveyance linkages, including roads, power supply, H2O installations. Consolidation of little capacities: Government will make consciousness about benefits of capacity consolidation amongst SMEs. Wherever possible, authorities will back up consolidation of smaller capacities and constitution of chemical bunchs by switching downstream capacities near to female parent workss. Government may see to supply portion fiscal aid for any such resettlement. Forte chemicals as a focal point country Provding fund for Technology up-gradation for chemicals Establish chemical sector council for invention Sign international coaction understandings with other advanced states in this sector Promotional Issues: – National Awards for Technology Innovation- A strategy of national awards for engineering invention in assorted Fieldss, such as dyes, pesticides, chlor bases, etc. , is to be formulated. Under this strategy, the Government would commit awards for outstanding parts made in engineering inventions. The choice for awards would be made by a Committee of high individuals. Industrial Trade Fairs and Exhibitions- The Government would actively ease and back up the selling and organisation of major exhibitions and events in order to supply a platform to the Indian chemical industries to demo instance their strengths. Market Development- The Government would research new avenues of export of chemical from India to Latin American, African and Middle East states through our embassies and missions abroad.DecisionThe calamity was caused due to synergy of really worst American an Indian civilizations. The safety processs were minimal and neither the proprietors nor the local direction seemed to take necessary safeguards. The fact is the direction was non really prepared for such an inauspicious state of affairs. No prompt action was taken by local governments. Our legal system failed miserably, which needs to be changed every bit shortly as possible for the safety of people and improvement of state. we need to see assorted international pacts to give justness to people suffered in such a sort of calamity. The MNC ‘s operating in India must hold to the status of making concern that they will subject to the legal power of Indian tribunals both civil and condemnable. They must be responsible for the act of their subordinates in the host state and non disinherit them like cowards. The effort by the top direction of the Union Carbide USA to switch all the incrimination of Bhopal Gas Tragedy out to the direction of its Indian subdivision is the act of cowardiness.Notice should besides be taken into consideration that even the authorities of Madhya Pradesh was every bit responsible for the calamity that had taken topographic point. It was the administrative responsibility of the province authorities to play its regulative and supervisory function with most earnestness.